A yr after being pushed out of Intel, Pat Gelsinger remains to be waking up at 4 a.m., nonetheless within the thick of the semiconductor wars — simply on a distinct battlefield. Now a common companion at enterprise agency Playground International, he’s working with 10 startups. However one portfolio firm has captured an outsized share of his consideration: xLight, a semiconductor startup that final Monday announced it has struck a preliminary deal for as much as $150 million from the U.S. Commerce Division, with the federal government set to turn into a significant shareholder.

It’s a pleasant feather within the cap of Gelsinger, who spent 35 years throughout two stints at Intel earlier than the board confirmed him the door late final yr owing to a lack of confidence in his turnaround plans. However the xLight deal can also be shining a highlight on a pattern that’s making folks in Silicon Valley quietly uncomfortable: the Trump administration taking fairness stakes in strategically necessary firms.

“What the hell occurred to free enterprise?” California Governor Gavin Newsom asked at a talking occasion this week, capturing the unease that’s rippling via an trade that has lengthy prided itself on its free-market ideas.

Talking at one among TechCrunch’s StrictlyVC occasions at Playground International, Gelsinger — who’s xLight’s government chairman — appeared unbothered by the philosophical debate. He’s extra centered on his guess that xLight can resolve what he sees because the semiconductor trade’s largest bottleneck: lithography, the method of etching microscopic patterns onto silicon wafers. The startup is creating large “free electron lasers” powered by particle accelerators that might revolutionize chip manufacturing. If the know-how works at scale, that’s.

“, I’ve this long-term mission to proceed to see Moore’s legislation within the semiconductor trade,” Gelsinger mentioned, referencing the decades-old precept that computing energy ought to double each two years. “We predict that is the know-how that can get up Moore’s legislation.”

The xLight deal is the primary Chips and Science Act award beneath Trump’s second time period, utilizing funding earmarked for early-stage firms with promising applied sciences. Notably, the deal is at present on the letter of intent stage, which means it’s not finalized and particulars may nonetheless change. When pressed on whether or not the funding may find yourself being double the introduced quantity — or doubtlessly not materialize in any respect — Gelsinger was candid.

“We’ve agreed in precept on the phrases, however like several of those contracts, there’s nonetheless work to get finished,” he mentioned.

The know-how xLight is pursuing is fairly critical in each scale and ambition. The corporate plans to construct machines roughly 100 meters by 50 meters — in regards to the dimension of a soccer subject — that can sit exterior semiconductor fabrication vegetation. These free electron lasers would generate excessive ultraviolet gentle at wavelengths as exact as 2 nanometers, way more highly effective than the 13.5 nanometer wavelengths at present utilized by ASML, the Dutch big that totally dominates the EUV lithography market.

“About half of the capital goes into lithography,” Gelsinger defined of your complete semiconductor trade. “In the midst of a lithography machine is gentle. . . [and] this capability to maintain innovating for shorter wavelength, increased energy gentle is the essence of with the ability to proceed to innovate for extra superior semiconductors.

Main xLight is Nicholas Kelez, whose background is uncommon for the semiconductor world. Earlier than founding xLight, Kelez led quantum laptop improvement efforts at PsiQuantum (a Playground International portfolio firm) and spent twenty years constructing large-scale X-ray science amenities at nationwide labs together with SLAC and Lawrence Berkeley, the place he was Chief Engineer for the Linac Coherent Gentle Supply.

So why is that this viable now when ASML deserted an identical strategy virtually a decade in the past? “The distinction was the know-how wasn’t as mature,” Kelez defined. Again then, solely a handful of maximum ultraviolet lithography (EUV) machines existed, and the trade had already sunk tens of billions into the incumbent know-how. “It simply wasn’t the time to tackle one thing utterly new and orthogonal.”

Now, with EUV ubiquitous in modern semiconductor manufacturing and current gentle supply know-how hitting its limits, the timing seems higher. The important thing innovation, based on Kelez, is treating gentle like a utility reasonably than constructing it into every machine. “We go away from constructing an built-in gentle supply with the device, which is what [ASML does] now and that basically constrains you to make it smaller and fewer highly effective,” he mentioned. And as an alternative, “We deal with gentle the identical approach you deal with electrical energy or HVAC. We construct exterior the fab at utility scale after which distribute in.”

The corporate is aiming to supply its first silicon wafers by 2028 and have its first industrial system on-line by 2029.

There are, naturally, hurdles, although proper now, competing with ASML immediately doesn’t seem like one among them. “We’re working very carefully with them to mainly design how we combine with an ASML scanner,” Kelez mentioned. “So we’re working with each them, in addition to their suppliers, [like] Zeiss, who does their optics.”

When requested whether or not Intel or different main chipmakers have dedicated to buying xLight’s know-how, Gelsinger mentioned they haven’t. “No person has dedicated but, however the work is happening with all people on the listing that you’d count on, and we’re having intense conversations with all of them.”

In the meantime, the aggressive panorama is heating up. In October, Substrate — a semiconductor manufacturing startup backed by Peter Thiel — introduced it raised $100 million to develop U.S. chip fabs, together with an EUV device that sounds awfully just like xLight’s strategy. Gelsinger doesn’t see them as direct competitors although. “If Substrate is profitable, they might be a buyer for us,” he mentioned, providing that Substrate is targeted on constructing a full-stack lithography scanner that may finally want a free electron laser, which is precisely what xLight is creating.

Gelsinger’s relationship with the Trump administration provides one other layer to the story. He introduced up xLight to Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick again in February, earlier than Playground funded the startup and earlier than Lutnick was confirmed, pitching it as an organization that might assist deliver chip manufacturing again to the U.S.

The association has drawn criticism from some who view the administration’s strategy as state capitalism, with the federal government selecting winners and losers. However Gelsinger is unapologetic, framing it as obligatory for nationwide competitiveness. “I measure it by the outcomes,” he mentioned. “Does it drive the outcomes that we wish and that we have to reinvigorate our industrial insurance policies? A lot of our aggressive nations don’t have such debates. They’re transferring ahead with the insurance policies which can be obligatory to perform their aggressive outcomes.”

He pointed to power coverage as one other instance. “What number of nuclear reactors are being constructed within the US immediately? Zero. What number of being inbuilt China immediately? 39. Power coverage in a digital AI economic system equals the financial capability of the nation.”

For xLight, the federal government stake comes with minimal strings connected. The Commerce Division gained’t have veto rights or a board seat, says Kelez (pictured above, with Gelsinger). “No data rights, nothing,” Gelsinger provides. “It’s a minority funding, in a non-governing approach, but it surely additionally says we’d like this firm to succeed for nationwide curiosity.”

xLight has raised $40 million from buyers together with Playground International and is planning one other fundraising spherical in January. Not like fusion or quantum computing startups that want billions, Kelez mentioned xLight’s path is extra manageable. “This isn’t fusion or quantum,” he mentioned. “We don’t want billions.”

The corporate additionally signed a letter of intent with New York to construct its first machine on the New York CREATE web site close to Albany, although that settlement additionally wants finalization.

For Gelsinger, xLight is clearly extra than simply one other portfolio firm. It’s an opportunity to cement his relevance within the semiconductor trade that he helped construct, even when his strategies put him at odds with Silicon Valley’s conventional ethos.

Requested about navigating his ideas within the present political surroundings, Gelsinger retreated to a extra technocratic view of company management — one the place the cash is from the U.S. authorities, administrations are short-term, and CEOs should stay above the fray.

“CEOs and firms ought to neither be Republican or Democrat,” he mentioned. “Your job is to perform the enterprise goal, serve your buyers, serve your shareholders. That’s your goal. And consequently, you want to have the ability to work out what insurance policies are helpful on the R aspect or what insurance policies are helpful within the D aspect, and be capable of navigate via them.”

He added individually of that $150 million from the Trump administration, “Taxpayers will do effectively.”

When requested if working throughout 10 startups is sufficient for somebody who used to run Intel, Gelsinger was emphatic. “Completely. The concept that I can now affect throughout such a variety of applied sciences — I’m a deep tech man on the core of who I’m. My thoughts is so stretched right here, and I’m simply grateful that the Playground staff would have me to hitch them and let me make them smarter and be a rookie enterprise capitalist.”

He paused, then added with a smile: “And I gave my spouse again her weekends.”

It’s a pleasant thought, although anybody who is aware of Gelsinger’s fame as a workaholic may surprise how lengthy that association will final.